Nice
级别: 论坛版主
精华:
7
发帖: 463
威望: -6 点
虚拟D-币: 3264 D-币
贡献值: 0 点
好评度: 186 点
注册时间:2007-10-07
最后登录:2007-12-22
|
英语形容词翻译的小窍门
英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。
一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配，有时可译成否定句。
1. These goods are in short supply.
这些货物供应不足。
2. This equation is far from being complicated.
这个方程一定也不复杂。
二、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字。
1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
这是我度过最愉快的一天。
2. It is easy to compress a gas.
气体很容易压缩。
三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构。
1. She spoke in a high voice.
她讲话声音很尖。
2. This engine develops a high torque.
这台发动机产生的转矩很大。
四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序。
1. a large brick conference hall
一个用砖砌的大会议厅
2. a plastic garden chair
一把在花园里用的塑料椅子
五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可将形容词译成动词。
1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。
2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.
类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。
3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.
他诚恳地忏悔过去，并保证永远不再玩汽车。
六、由于语言习惯不同，英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词。
1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.
我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。
2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.
他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。
3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.
再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。
从以上几个方面可以看出，译好形容词是使译文通顺、 流畅的一个环节。
----------------------------------------------
翻譯技巧
1. 同義反譯法
例子：
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧間只有三個顧客還沒有走。(不譯：「還留著」或「還呆在那裡」)
2. I'll be here for good this time.
這一次我再也不走了。(不譯：「永遠在此呆下去」)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的時候，請別讓爐子滅了。(不譯：「我外出時，請讓爐子繼續燒著」)
4. "Wait, he is serious."
「等等，他不是說著玩兒的。」(不譯：「等等，他是認真的。」)
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
「聽我說，克拉拉，對這孩子可不能心軟。」(不譯：「……對這孩子要堅定」)
2. 刪減解釋詞
例子：
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看見那些黑白混血的女郎，準定會注意到她們十之八九都賦有那種獨特的優雅風度、那種柔和的聲調和文靜的舉止。
3. 短句拆譯
例子：
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."
「在六月裡的一天早上，天氣晴朗，……」
4. 譯詞推陳出新
例子：
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原譯：當他可以大膽行動的時候，他發現自己除了一個情人所具有的那種普通的害怕之外，心裡還充滿懷疑、顧慮和躊躇。
改譯：等到他不妨放膽去追求的時候，他卻遲疑不定，顧慮重重。至於一般墮入情網的人那種種常有的提心吊膽的心理，那就更是難免的了。
原詞 原譯 改譯
when 當……的時候 等到……的時候
act with boldness 大膽行動 放膽去追求
a lover 一個情人 一般墮入情網的人
ordinary fears 普通的害怕 種種常有的提心吊膽的心理
in addition to 除了……之外 那就更是難免的了
5. 解釋性添詞
例子：
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.
「喬治，我真替你害臊﹗喬治，想不到你會幹出這種事情來﹗俗話說得好：『滾著的碌碡不長苔，流浪的漢子不攢財。』我早曉得你就是這麼一個流浪漢﹗可真沒有想到你連貝格納特和孩子們靠它過活的那一點點財也騙走，」貝格納特太太說道。
6. 數字譯法
7、词意定譯
例子：
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.
我們根本不必追問政府是否根據刑法或民法對范德比爾特提出起訴。范德比爾特不僅逍遙法外，而且在兩年後又以極其兇狠的手段對政府進行弓一次巨大的詐騙。
8. 精鍊譯詞
例子：
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原譯：走路的姿態不知甚麼時候開始給人一種莊重的印象。
改譯：走起路來，不覺平添了幾分尊嚴。
9. 刪削"When"字
例子
1. When he saw me, he was startled.
他看見我，嚇了一大跳，(不譯：當他看見我的時候，……)
2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"
「你那些女黑奴哭得那麼傷心，你還拿鞭子沒頭沒腦的抽，把她們打得死去活來，那有甚麼用呢？」(不譯：當你那些女黑奴哭得那麼傷心的時候，你還拿鞭子……)
10. 感嘆詞的不同譯法
例子：
1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!"
"Why, Eva, your room is full now."
「嗐，媽媽，別這樣﹗我喜歡這些花，把花給我吧，我要﹗」
「得了吧，伊娃，你屋裡的花都滿了。」
2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?"
「喲，真是怪事﹗」瑪利說，「你幹嘛非要這個不可？」
3. ("...Haley, if you had any conscience.")
"Well, I've got just as much conscience as any man in business can afford to keep - just a little, you know, to swaer by, as were," said the trader, jocularly; ...
"Well, then, Haley, how will you trade?" said Mr. Shelby, after an uneasy interval of silence.
(「……哈利，你要是有良心的話。」)
「得，幹這行當兒的人能有多少良心，我也有多少良心——瞧，我的良心就這麼一丁點兒，夠拿出來起誓就得，」奴隸販子開著玩笑說；……
「那好，哈利，這樁買賣你打算怎麼個做法？」謝爾比先生在一陣令人發窘的沉默之後問道。
11. 順拆法
例子：
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.
原譯：他的代表團同意執行主任關於該基金會應繼續為更好地了解經濟、社會和人口的相互關係而努力的意見。
改譯：他的代表團同意執行主任的意見，/認為該基金會應繼續努力，/ 以求更好地了解經濟、社會和人口這三方面的相互關係。
12.倒拆法
例子：
To him there is something divine/ in the sympathetic indulgence she substitute / for the angry disgust/ with which one of his own country women resent his supposed conditon.
要是一個英國女人看到他真像他自己所假定的那麼爛醉，/ 她就會對他又惱怒，又厭惡，/ 而挪拉對他卻又同情又寬容，/ 他在這中間看出了一點神聖的品質。
13. 抽詞拆句法
例子：
All the way along the line, from the border right up to Peking, as far as the eye could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of growing crops, holding a promise of bumper harvests.
從邊境到北京，一路上沿鐵路線極目縱觀，但見農村到處是茁壯的莊稼，彷彿鋪上一塊綠地毯，這說明豐收在望了。
|
天天旅游
|
|
[8 楼]
|
Posted: 2006-10-08 16:37 |
| |
出行旅游论坛,哈尔滨旅游,旅游笔记,驴友攻略,英语论坛 -> Learning Exchanges -> 英汉习语的文化差异及翻译
